Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras, sentence 63
Then was Oliver in a great strait, for he had no sword, and his shield was cleft in twain, and his armour grievously broken.
Who acts: Oliver, shield · What happens: be, have, break · To what, where: Oliver, sword, twain, armour, great strait
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Fought With Fierabras. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, shield), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 Oliver | advmod |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 Oliver | cop |
| 3 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 strait | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 strait | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 strait | det |
| 6 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 strait | amod |
| 7 | strait | strait | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 had | punct |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 had | case |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 had | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 strait | conj |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 sword | det |
| 13 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 had | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 cleft | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 cleft | cc |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 shield | nmod:poss |
| 17 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cleft | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 cleft | cop |
| 19 | cleft | cleft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 strait | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 twain | case |
| 21 | twain | twain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cleft | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 armour | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 armour | cc |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 armour | nmod:poss |
| 25 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 strait | conj |
| 26 | grievously | grievously | ADV | _ | 27 broken | advmod |
| 27 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 armour | acl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 strait | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Oliver | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have | past | Oliver | no sword | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Oliver's shield | twain | cleft property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | break | participle | Oliver's armour not said here | grievously property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/17/63/