Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 1
Fierabras, knowing himself to be vanquished, cried to Oliver, "I crave your mercy, noble knight, and I pray that I may be baptized; for how can I refuse to believe in the God by whose help you have now overcome me?
Who acts: Fierabras, Oliver · What happens: know, vanquish, cry, crave, pray, baptize · To what, where: Fierabras, Oliver, mercy · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fierabras, Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fierabras | Fierabras | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 cried | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Fierabras | punct |
| 3 | knowing | know | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Fierabras | acl |
| 4 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 knowing | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 vanquished | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 vanquished | aux:pass |
| 7 | vanquished | vanquish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 knowing | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Fierabras | punct |
| 9 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 Oliver | case |
| 11 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 cried | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 crave | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 crave | punct |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 crave | nsubj |
| 15 | crave | crave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 cried | parataxis |
| 16 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 mercy | nmod:poss |
| 17 | mercy | mercy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 crave | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 knight | punct |
| 19 | noble | noble | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 knight | amod |
| 20 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 mercy | appos |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pray | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 pray | cc |
| 23 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 pray | nsubj |
| 24 | pray | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 crave | conj |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 baptized | mark |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 baptized | nsubj |
| 27 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 baptized | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 baptized | aux:pass |
| 29 | baptized | baptize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 pray | ccomp |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 refuse | punct |
| 31 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 35 refuse | mark |
| 32 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 refuse | advmod |
| 33 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 refuse | aux |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 refuse | nsubj |
| 35 | refuse | refuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 cried | conj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 believe | mark |
| 37 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 refuse | xcomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 God | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 God | det |
| 40 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 believe | obl |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 help | case |
| 42 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 43 help | nmod:poss |
| 43 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 believe | obl |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 47 overcome | nsubj |
| 45 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 overcome | aux |
| 46 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 47 overcome | advmod |
| 47 | overcome | overcome | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 help | acl:relcl |
| 48 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 overcome | obj |
| 49 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | gerund | Fierabras not said here | Fierabras | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer himself=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | vanquish | to-infinitive · passive | Fierabras not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cry speech: express | past | Fierabras | Oliver | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to oliver=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | crave in a quote | present | Fierabras | your mercy | vn want-32.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mercy=Theme | ||||
| 5 | pray in a quote | present | Fierabras | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | baptize in a quote | may · passive | Fierabras | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Result | |||||
| 7 | refuse in a quote | can | Fierabras | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 8 | not believe in a quote | to-infinitive | Fierabras not said here | in the God; by help | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 9 | overcome in a quote | present | Oliver | Fierabras | now | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot i=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/18/1/