Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 53
When he saw him, he said, "I have good cause to hate you, pagan that you are, for you are the cause whereby many of my men have been slain and taken prisoners, among them Oliver, than whom there is no one in the whole world dearer to me."
Who acts: Charles, good cause, you · What happens: see, say, have, hate, be, slay · To what, where: Fierabras, good cause, you, many, prisoners, Charles · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, good cause, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | advcl |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 have | nsubj |
| 11 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 12 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 cause | amod |
| 13 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 have | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 hate | mark |
| 15 | hate | hate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 have | xcomp |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 hate | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 pagan | punct |
| 18 | pagan | pagan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 have | parataxis |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 are | mark |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 are | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 pagan | advcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 cause | punct |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 cause | case |
| 24 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 cause | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 cause | cop |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 cause | det |
| 27 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pagan | parataxis |
| 28 | whereby | whereby | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 many | advmod |
| 29 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 slain | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 men | case |
| 31 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 men | nmod:poss |
| 32 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 many | nmod |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 slain | aux |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 slain | aux:pass |
| 35 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 dearer | advcl |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 taken | cc |
| 37 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 slain | conj |
| 38 | prisoners | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 taken | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Oliver | punct |
| 40 | among | among | ADP | _ | 42 Oliver | case |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 Oliver | nsubj |
| 42 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 taken | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 whom | punct |
| 44 | than | than | ADP | _ | 45 whom | case |
| 45 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 is | obj |
| 46 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 47 is | expl |
| 47 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 dearer | cop |
| 48 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 49 one | det |
| 49 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 is | nsubj |
| 50 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 world | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 world | det |
| 52 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 world | amod |
| 53 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 one | nmod |
| 54 | dearer | dear | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 27 cause | parataxis |
| 55 | to | to | ADP | _ | 56 me | case |
| 56 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 54 dearer | obl |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 58 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Charles | Fierabras | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Charles | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | have in a quote | present | Charles | good cause | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | hate in a quote | to-infinitive | good cause not said here | you | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | does in a quote | present | you | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | you | for the cause | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | slay in a quote | present · perfect · passive | many of my men | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 8 | take in a quote | participle | prisoners | among Oliver prisoners | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prisoner=Theme | ||||
| 9 | is in a quote | present | Charles | dear property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/18/53/