Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 27
But Brullant stood up and said, "Sir Admiral, I beseech you to hear me; it is now eventide, and too late to do justice in proper form; your lords and councillors also are not here; delay therefore this matter to the morrow, when the thing shall be known and your judgment better approved, for that these men rightly deserve such punishment I do heartily believe.
Who acts: Brullant, iron, judgment, men, your · What happens: stand up, say, beseech, hear, be, do · To what, where: lords, you, Brullant, eventide, justice, proper form · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Brullant, iron, judgment, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 stood | cc |
| 2 | Brullant | Brullant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 stood | compound:prt |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 said | cc |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 stood | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Admiral | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Admiral | punct |
| 9 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Admiral | compound |
| 10 | Admiral | admiral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | ccomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 beseech | punct |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 beseech | nsubj |
| 13 | beseech | beseech | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 stood | parataxis |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 beseech | obj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 hear | mark |
| 16 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 beseech | advcl |
| 17 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 hear | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 eventide | punct |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 eventide | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 eventide | cop |
| 21 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 eventide | advmod |
| 22 | eventide | eventide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stood | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 late | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 late | cc |
| 25 | too | too | ADV | _ | 26 late | advmod |
| 26 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stood | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 do | mark |
| 28 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 late | xcomp |
| 29 | justice | justice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 do | obj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 form | case |
| 31 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 form | amod |
| 32 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 do | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 lords | punct |
| 34 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 lords | nmod:poss |
| 35 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 stood | obl |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 councillors | cc |
| 37 | councillors | councillor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 lords | conj |
| 38 | also | also | ADV | _ | 41 here | advmod |
| 39 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 here | cop |
| 40 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 here | advmod |
| 41 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 lords | advmod |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 delay | punct |
| 43 | delay | delay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 stood | conj |
| 44 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 43 delay | advmod |
| 45 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 46 matter | det |
| 46 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 delay | obj |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 49 morrow | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 morrow | det |
| 49 | morrow | morrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 delay | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 known | punct |
| 51 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 56 known | advmod |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 thing | det |
| 53 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 known | nsubj:pass |
| 54 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 56 known | aux |
| 55 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 56 known | aux:pass |
| 56 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 delay | parataxis |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 approved | cc |
| 58 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 59 judgment | nmod:poss |
| 59 | judgment | judgment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 approved | nsubj |
| 60 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 61 approved | advmod |
| 61 | approved | approve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 known | conj |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 deserve | punct |
| 63 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 68 deserve | mark |
| 64 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 68 deserve | mark |
| 65 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 66 men | det |
| 66 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 deserve | nsubj |
| 67 | rightly | rightly | ADV | _ | 68 deserve | advmod |
| 68 | deserve | deserve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 approved | conj |
| 69 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 70 punishment | amod |
| 70 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 deserve | obj |
| 71 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 74 believe | nsubj |
| 72 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 74 believe | aux |
| 73 | heartily | heartily | ADV | _ | 74 believe | advmod |
| 74 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 70 punishment | acl:relcl |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand up | past | Brullant | your lords and councillors | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Brullant not said here | Sir Admiral ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | beseech in a quote | present | Brullant | you | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | to-infinitive | Brullant not said here | Brullant | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | iron | eventide | now | tree rules | |||
| 6 | do in a quote | to-infinitive | Brullant not said here | justice | proper form | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent justice=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | not is in a quote | present | here property | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | delay in a quote | infinitive | Brullant not said here | this matter | to the morrow; therefore property | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent matter=Source | |||
| 9 | know in a quote | shall · passive | the thing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 10 | approve in a quote | past | your judgment | well property | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 11 | deserve in a quote | present | this men | such punishment | rightly property | tree rules | |||
| 12 | believe in a quote | present · do-support | Brullant | such punishment not said here | heartily property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer punishment=Stimulus | |||
| 13 | judge in a quote | your | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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