Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 3
Balan, who was father to Fierabras, hearing this came to the gate, and seeing there Brullant, said to him, "Tell me, Brullant, my friend, how you have fared.
Who acts: Balan · What happens: be, hear, come, see, say, tell · To what, where: father, Fierabras, this, gate, Brullant, Balan · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Balan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Balan | Balan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 came | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 father | punct |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 father | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 father | cop |
| 5 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Balan | appos |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 Fierabras | case |
| 7 | Fierabras | Fierabras | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 father | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Balan | punct |
| 9 | hearing | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 came | csubj |
| 10 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 hearing | obj |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 gate | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 gate | det |
| 14 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 said | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 said | cc |
| 17 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 said | advcl |
| 18 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 seeing | advmod |
| 19 | Brullant | Brullant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 seeing | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 seeing | punct |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 came | parataxis |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 said | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Tell | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 Tell | punct |
| 26 | Tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 said | conj |
| 27 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 Tell | iobj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Brullant | punct |
| 29 | Brullant | Brullant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Tell | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 friend | punct |
| 31 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 friend | nmod:poss |
| 32 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 Tell | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 fared | punct |
| 34 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 fared | advmod |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 fared | nsubj |
| 36 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 fared | aux |
| 37 | fared | fare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 Tell | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Balan | father | Fierabras | tree rules | |||
| 2 | hear | gerund | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | come | past | Balan | the gate | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to gate=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | see | gerund | Brullant | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer brullant=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Balan | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | Brullant | me | my friend advcl | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 7 | fare in a quote | present · perfect | Balan | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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