Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 40
But Gerard comforted him, saying, "It is not for a brave knight to complain.
Who acts: Gerard, doubtless · What happens: comfort, say, not be, complain · To what, where: water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerard, doubtless), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 comforted | cc |
| 2 | Gerard | Gerard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 comforted | nsubj |
| 3 | comforted | comfort | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 comforted | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 saying | punct |
| 6 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 comforted | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 knight | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 knight | punct |
| 9 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knight | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 knight | cop |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 knight | advmod |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 knight | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 knight | det |
| 14 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 knight | amod |
| 15 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 saying | ccomp |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 complain | mark |
| 17 | complain | complain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 knight | acl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 comforted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | comfort | past | Gerard | water | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Gerard not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not is in a quote | present | doubtless | for a brave knight | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | complain speech: other in a quote | to-infinitive | Gerard not said here | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/19/40/