Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, sentence 31
And first Duke Naymes espied the Saracens, and said, "See now these Saracens are coming against us with a great force; advise what we shall do."
Who acts: first Duke, Saracens, we · What happens: espy, say, see, come, advise, do · To what, where: Saracens · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first Duke, Saracens, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 espied | cc |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 Duke | amod |
| 3 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 espied | nsubj |
| 4 | Naymes | Naymes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Duke | flat |
| 5 | espied | espy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Saracens | det |
| 7 | Saracens | Saracen | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 espied | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 said | cc |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 espied | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 See | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 See | punct |
| 13 | See | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 14 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 coming | advmod |
| 15 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 Saracens | det |
| 16 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 coming | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 coming | aux |
| 18 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 See | parataxis |
| 19 | against | against | ADP | _ | 20 us | case |
| 20 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 coming | obl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 force | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 force | det |
| 23 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 force | amod |
| 24 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 coming | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 advise | punct |
| 26 | advise | advise | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 13 See | parataxis |
| 27 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 do | obj |
| 28 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 do | nsubj |
| 29 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 do | aux |
| 30 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 advise | ccomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 espied | punct |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 espied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | espy | past | first Duke | the Saracens | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer saracen=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | first Duke not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | see in a quote | infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | come in a quote | present · progressive | this Saracens | now | against us; with a great force | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against we=Location | |||
| 5 | advise speech: other in a quote | infinitive | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 6 | do in a quote | shall | we | what obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/31/