Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of the French Knights, sentence 107
The French knights were so hard pressed by a multitude of Saracens that followed King Clarion that some were slain, as the Duke Basyn and Aubrey his son, and that Guy of Burgundy was taken prisoner, his horse having been killed under him.
Who acts: multitude, Saracens, some · What happens: press, follow, be, take, kill · To what, where: French knights, King Clarion, Guy, horse
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (multitude, Saracens, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 knights | det |
| 2 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 knights | amod |
| 3 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pressed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 pressed | aux:pass |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 hard | advmod |
| 6 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 pressed | advmod |
| 7 | pressed | press | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 multitude | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 multitude | det |
| 10 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pressed | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Saracens | case |
| 12 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 multitude | nmod |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 followed | nsubj |
| 14 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 Saracens | acl:relcl |
| 15 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Clarion | compound |
| 16 | Clarion | clarion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 followed | obj |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 slain | mark |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 slain | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 slain | cop |
| 20 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 Clarion | acl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 Basyn | punct |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 Basyn | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Basyn | det |
| 24 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Basyn | compound |
| 25 | Basyn | Basyn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 pressed | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 Aubrey | cc |
| 27 | Aubrey | Aubrey | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Basyn | conj |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 son | nmod:poss |
| 29 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 Basyn | appos |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 taken | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 taken | cc |
| 32 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 Guy | det |
| 33 | Guy | guy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Burgundy | case |
| 35 | Burgundy | Burgundy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Guy | nmod |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 taken | aux:pass |
| 37 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 pressed | conj |
| 38 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 taken | xcomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 killed | punct |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 horse | nmod:poss |
| 41 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 42 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 killed | aux |
| 43 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 killed | aux:pass |
| 44 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 pressed | conj |
| 45 | under | under | ADP | _ | 46 him | case |
| 46 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 killed | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 pressed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | press | past · passive | a multitude of Saracens | the French knights | as the Duke Basyn and Aubrey; hard property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent subject=Result | |||
| 2 | follow | past | Saracens | King Clarion | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clarion=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | past | some | King Clarion not said here | slain property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | take | past · passive | that Guy of Burgundy | prisoner xcomp | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | kill | gerund · perfect · passive | knight's horse | under knight | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/22/107/