Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of the French Knights, sentence 110
The Frenchmen did marvels of valour, but they could not stand against the multitude of their enemies, and were constrained to take refuge within the Tower.
Who acts: Frenchmen, valour · What happens: do, not stand, constrain, take, marvel · To what, where: marvels, multitude, refuge
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frenchmen, valour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Frenchmen | det |
| 2 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 did | nsubj |
| 3 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | marvels | marvel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 did | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 valour | case |
| 6 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 marvels | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 stand | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 stand | cc |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 stand | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 stand | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 stand | advmod |
| 12 | stand | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 did | conj |
| 13 | against | against | ADP | _ | 15 multitude | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 multitude | det |
| 15 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 stand | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 enemies | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 18 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 multitude | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 constrained | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 constrained | cc |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 constrained | aux:pass |
| 22 | constrained | constrain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 did | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 take | mark |
| 24 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 constrained | xcomp |
| 25 | refuge | refuge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 take | obj |
| 26 | within | within | ADP | _ | 28 Tower | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Tower | det |
| 28 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 take | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 did | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | the Frenchmen | marvels of valour | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marvel=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | not stand | could | Frenchmen = frenchman | the multitude of Frenchmen's enemies | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against multitude=Location | ||||
| 3 | constrain | past · passive | the Frenchmen not said here | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: clause=Goal | |||||
| 4 | take | to-infinitive | the Frenchmen not said here | refuge | within the Tower | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Theme | |||
| 5 | marvel | valour | nom marvel «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/22/110/