Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of the French Knights, sentence 17
The Duke told him, "I am Duke of Naymes, and I am a councillor of King Charles, from whom I have come, with these lords whom you see, bringing a message to the Admiral.
Who acts: Duke, truth · What happens: tell, be, come, see, bring · To what, where: truth, Duke, councillor, lords, message, Admiral · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, truth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Duke | det |
| 2 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Duke | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Duke | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 Duke | nsubj |
| 8 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 Duke | cop |
| 9 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Naymes | case |
| 11 | Naymes | Naymes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Duke | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 councillor | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 councillor | cc |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 councillor | nsubj |
| 15 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 councillor | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 councillor | det |
| 17 | councillor | councillor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Duke | appos |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Charles | case |
| 19 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 20 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 councillor | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 come | punct |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 whom | case |
| 23 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 come | obl |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 come | nsubj |
| 25 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 come | aux |
| 26 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 told | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 lords | punct |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 lords | case |
| 29 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 30 lords | det |
| 30 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 come | obl |
| 31 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 see | obj |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 33 see | nsubj |
| 33 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 lords | acl:relcl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 bringing | punct |
| 35 | bringing | bring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 see | advcl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 message | det |
| 37 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 bringing | obj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 Admiral | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Admiral | det |
| 40 | Admiral | admiral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 bringing | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the Duke | truth | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | the Duke = duke | Duke | of Naymes | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | the Duke = duke | a councillor | of Charles King | tree rules | |||
| 4 | come in a quote | present · perfect | the Duke = duke | with this lords; whom obl | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from whom=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | see in a quote | present | truth | this lords | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | bring in a quote | gerund | truth not said here | a message | the Admiral | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to admiral=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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