Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of the French Knights, sentence 2
He said, "Is it true, as I have heard, that Fierabras, your son, who was the very best knight in the whole world, has been overcome and taken prisoner?" "
Who acts: Admiral, chieftain, son · What happens: say, be, hear, overcome, take · To what, where: best knight, whole world, Fierabras, prisoner · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Admiral, chieftain, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 true | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 true | punct |
| 5 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 true | cop |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 true | nsubj |
| 7 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 said | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 heard | mark |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 heard | aux |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 said | parataxis |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Fierabras | punct |
| 14 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 Fierabras | det |
| 15 | Fierabras | Fierabras | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 overcome | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 son | punct |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 son | nmod:poss |
| 18 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Fierabras | appos |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 knight | punct |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 knight | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 knight | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 knight | det |
| 23 | very | very | ADV | _ | 24 best | advmod |
| 24 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 25 knight | amod |
| 25 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 son | appos |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 world | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 world | det |
| 28 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 world | amod |
| 29 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 knight | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Fierabras | punct |
| 31 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 overcome | aux |
| 32 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 overcome | aux:pass |
| 33 | overcome | overcome | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 heard | ccomp |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 taken | cc |
| 35 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 overcome | conj |
| 36 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 taken | xcomp |
| 37 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | Admiral | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | chieftain | true property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hear in a quote | present · perfect | Admiral | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | past | your son | the best knight | the whole world | tree rules | |||
| 5 | overcome in a quote | present · perfect · passive | that Fierabras | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | take in a quote | participle | prisoner | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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