Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Guy of Burgundy, sentence 51
And Roland said to them, "Let us now keep together as much as may be, and be ready to help each other as each may be in need, for otherwise we shall hardly win back to this place, for we are but ten in number, and they are many."
Who acts: Roland, we, horses · What happens: say, let, keep together, be, help, win back · To what, where: horses, us, much, each, need, ten · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Guy of Burgundy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, we, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Let | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Let | punct |
| 8 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | ccomp |
| 9 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 Let | obj |
| 10 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 keep | advmod |
| 11 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 Let | advcl |
| 12 | together | together | ADV | _ | 11 keep | advmod |
| 13 | as | as | ADV | _ | 14 much | advmod |
| 14 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 keep | obj |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 be | mark |
| 16 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 be | aux |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 much | acl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 ready | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 ready | cc |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 ready | cop |
| 21 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 said | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 help | mark |
| 23 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 ready | xcomp |
| 24 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 23 help | obj |
| 25 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 each | fixed |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 each | case |
| 27 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 help | obl |
| 28 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 need | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 need | cop |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 need | case |
| 31 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 ready | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 win | punct |
| 33 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 38 win | mark |
| 34 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 38 win | advmod |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 win | nsubj |
| 36 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 win | aux |
| 37 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 38 win | advmod |
| 38 | win | win | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | conj |
| 39 | back | back | ADV | _ | 38 win | advmod |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 place | case |
| 41 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 42 place | det |
| 42 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 win | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 ten | punct |
| 44 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 48 ten | mark |
| 45 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 48 ten | nsubj |
| 46 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 ten | cop |
| 47 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 48 ten | cc |
| 48 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 win | obl |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 number | case |
| 50 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 ten | nmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 many | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 many | cc |
| 53 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 many | nsubj |
| 54 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 many | cop |
| 55 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 said | ccomp |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 55 many | punct |
| 57 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 55 many | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Roland | horses = horse | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme | |||||
| 3 | keep together in a quote | present | much | now | together property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme | |||
| 4 | is in a quote | infinitive | Roland not said here | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | help in a quote | to-infinitive | Roland not said here | each | as each | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Beneficiary | |||
| 6 | is in a quote | may | need | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | win back in a quote | shall | we | to this place; hardly, otherwise property | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | is a in a quote | present | we | ten | number | tree rules | |||
| 9 | is in a quote | present | horses = horse | many property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/23/51/