Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 7
Gallafer, the keeper of the bridge, stood by the first gate holding a great axe in his hand that had an edge on every side.
Who acts: Gallafer, hand · What happens: stand, hold, have · To what, where: great axe, hand, edge, side
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gallafer, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gallafer | Gallafer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 stood | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 keeper | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 keeper | det |
| 4 | keeper | keeper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Gallafer | appos |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 bridge | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bridge | det |
| 7 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 keeper | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Gallafer | punct |
| 9 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 gate | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 gate | det |
| 12 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 gate | amod |
| 13 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 stood | obl |
| 14 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 stood | advcl |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 axe | det |
| 16 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 axe | amod |
| 17 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 holding | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 hand | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 hand | nmod:poss |
| 20 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 holding | obl |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 had | nsubj |
| 22 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 hand | acl:relcl |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 edge | det |
| 24 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 had | obj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 side | case |
| 26 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 side | det |
| 27 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 had | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | Gallafer | by the first gate | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by gate=Location | ||||
| 2 | hold | gerund | Gallafer not said here | a great axe | Gallafer's hand | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent axe=Theme in hand=Location | |||
| 3 | have | past | Gallafer's hand | a edge | every side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/7/