Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 17
Then Roland bade his comrades fight with good courage, "or," said he, "we shall not overlive this day."
Who acts: Roland, comrades, Floripas, we · What happens: bade, fight, say, not overlive · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, comrades, Floripas, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 bade | advmod |
| 2 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 bade | nsubj |
| 3 | bade | bade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 5 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 fight | nsubj |
| 6 | fight | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 bade | ccomp |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 courage | case |
| 8 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 courage | amod |
| 9 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fight | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 bade | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 bade | punct |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 or | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 or | punct |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 bade | conj |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | nsubj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 overlive | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 overlive | punct |
| 19 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 overlive | nsubj |
| 20 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 overlive | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 overlive | advmod |
| 22 | overlive | overlive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 said | ccomp |
| 23 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 day | det |
| 24 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 overlive | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 overlive | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 overlive | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bade | past | Roland | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fight | present | Floripas's comrades | with good courage | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with courage=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Floripas | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | not overlive in a quote | shall | we | day | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/17/