Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 27
Then the Saracens, at his bidding, assaulted the Tower yet more fiercely, and the Frenchmen took the idols that were in the Tower, images of Apollo and Mahomet and others, and threw them down upon the Saracens to their great damage.
Who acts: Saracens, Frenchmen, that, Balan · What happens: assault, take, be, throw down, bid, image · To what, where: Tower, idols, Saracens, Apollo
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saracens, Frenchmen, that, Balan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 assaulted | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Saracens | det |
| 3 | Saracens | Saracen | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 assaulted | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 bidding | punct |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 bidding | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 bidding | nmod:poss |
| 7 | bidding | bidding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Saracens | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 bidding | punct |
| 9 | assaulted | assault | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Tower | det |
| 11 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 assaulted | obj |
| 12 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 9 assaulted | advmod |
| 13 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 14 fiercely | advmod |
| 14 | fiercely | fiercely | ADV | _ | 12 yet | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 took | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 took | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Frenchmen | det |
| 18 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 19 took | nsubj |
| 19 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 assaulted | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 idols | det |
| 21 | idols | idol | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 took | obj |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 Tower | nsubj |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 Tower | cop |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 Tower | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Tower | det |
| 26 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 idols | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 images | punct |
| 28 | images | image | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 took | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Apollo | case |
| 30 | Apollo | Apollo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 images | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 Mahomet | cc |
| 32 | Mahomet | Mahomet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Apollo | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 others | cc |
| 34 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 Apollo | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 threw | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 threw | cc |
| 37 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 assaulted | parataxis |
| 38 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 threw | obj |
| 39 | down | down | ADP | _ | 37 threw | compound:prt |
| 40 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 42 Saracens | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Saracens | det |
| 42 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 threw | obl |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 damage | case |
| 44 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 damage | nmod:poss |
| 45 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 damage | amod |
| 46 | damage | damage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 threw | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 assaulted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | assault | past | the Saracens | the Tower | then; yet | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tower=Patient | |||
| 2 | take | past | the Frenchmen | the idols | images of Apollo and Mahomet and others obl | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idol=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | past | that | the Tower | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | throw down | past | Saracens = saracen | the Saracens | to Saracens's great damage | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent they=Theme upon saracen=Destination | |||
| 5 | bid | Balan | nom bidding «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 6 | image | Apollo and Mahomet and others | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | damage | Saracens = saracen | nom damage «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/27/