Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 46
The Duke Naymes saw him from a window in the Tower, and said to Roland and Oliver, "Who is this knight that rides so fast."
Who acts: Duke Naymes, Roland, knight · What happens: see, say, be, ride · To what, where: Ganelon, window, Roland, knight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes, Roland, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Naymes | det |
| 2 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Naymes | compound |
| 3 | Naymes | Naymes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 window | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 window | det |
| 8 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 Tower | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Tower | det |
| 11 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 window | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 said | cc |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 Roland | case |
| 16 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 Oliver | cc |
| 18 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Roland | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 knight | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 knight | punct |
| 21 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 knight | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 knight | cop |
| 23 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 knight | det |
| 24 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Roland | appos |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 rides | nsubj |
| 26 | rides | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 knight | acl:relcl |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 fast | advmod |
| 28 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 rides | advmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the Duke Naymes | Ganelon | a window in the Tower | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Duke Naymes not said here | Roland and Oliver | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to roland=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | Roland and Oliver | this knight | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | ride in a quote | present | this knight | fast property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/46/