Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 60
But him Duke Richard overthrew; Duke Reyner slew Sortibrant; and Balan the Admiral slew Huon of Milan, and went near to slaying Milon, but that Ganelon and his men saved him, though not without much damage to themselves.
Who acts: Duke, Balan, Ganelon · What happens: overthrow, slay, go, save · To what, where: Turk, Sortibrant, Huon, Milon
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, Balan, Ganelon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 overthrew | cc |
| 2 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 overthrew | obl |
| 3 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Richard | compound |
| 4 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 him | conj |
| 5 | overthrew | overthrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 slew | punct |
| 7 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 slew | nsubj |
| 8 | Reyner | Reyner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Duke | flat |
| 9 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 overthrew | conj |
| 10 | Sortibrant | Sortibrant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 slew | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 slew | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Balan | cc |
| 13 | Balan | Balan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 slew | nsubj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Admiral | det |
| 15 | Admiral | Admiral | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Balan | appos |
| 16 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 overthrew | conj |
| 17 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 slew | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Milan | case |
| 19 | Milan | Milan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Huon | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 went | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 went | cc |
| 22 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 slew | conj |
| 23 | near | near | ADV | _ | 22 went | advmod |
| 24 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 25 slaying | mark |
| 25 | slaying | slay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 went | advcl |
| 26 | Milon | Milon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 slaying | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 saved | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 saved | cc |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 saved | mark |
| 30 | Ganelon | Ganelon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 saved | nsubj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 men | cc |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 men | nmod:poss |
| 33 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 Ganelon | conj |
| 34 | saved | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 slew | conj |
| 35 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 saved | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 damage | punct |
| 37 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 41 damage | mark |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 damage | advmod |
| 39 | without | without | ADP | _ | 41 damage | case |
| 40 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 damage | amod |
| 41 | damage | damage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 saved | obl |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 themselves | case |
| 43 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 41 damage | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 overthrew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overthrow | past | Turk | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | slay | past | Duke | Sortibrant | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sortibrant=Patient | ||||
| 3 | slay | past | Balan | Huon of Milan | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent huon=Patient | ||||
| 4 | go | past | Balan not said here | near property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | slay | gerund | Balan not said here | Milon | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milon=Patient | ||||
| 6 | save | past | Ganelon and Turk's men | Milon | without much damage to Saracens | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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