Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of Balan the Admiral, sentence 62
And now the knights that were in the Tower, seeing the army of their countrymen, came forth, and taking each man a horse, whose rider had been slain, charged the Saracens.
Who acts: Tower, rider, knights · What happens: be, see, come, take, charge · To what, where: Tower, army, knights, man, slain, Saracens
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of Balan the Admiral. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tower, rider, knights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 charged | cc |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 charged | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 knights | det |
| 4 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 charged | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 came | obl |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Tower | cop |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Tower | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Tower | det |
| 9 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 came | nsubj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 seeing | punct |
| 11 | seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 Tower | acl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 army | det |
| 13 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 seeing | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 countrymen | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 countrymen | nmod:poss |
| 16 | countrymen | countryman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 army | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Tower | punct |
| 18 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 knights | acl:relcl |
| 19 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 18 came | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 taking | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 taking | cc |
| 22 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 came | advcl |
| 23 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 man | det |
| 24 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 taking | obj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 horse | det |
| 26 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 taking | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 slain | punct |
| 28 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 29 rider | nmod:poss |
| 29 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 slain | nsubj |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 slain | aux |
| 31 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 32 slain | cop |
| 32 | slain | slain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 horse | appos |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 came | punct |
| 34 | charged | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Saracens | det |
| 36 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 charged | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 charged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the Tower | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | see | gerund | the Tower not said here | the army of knights's countrymen | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer army=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | come | past | the Tower | the knights | forth property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | take | gerund | the Tower not said here | each man | a horse obj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument man=Theme horse=Destination | |||
| 5 | is a | past · perfect | slain's rider | slain | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | charge | past | the knights | the Saracens | now | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location saracen=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/26/62/