Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, sentence 28
He had newly taken the fair city of Cordova, having broken down the walls and towers with his engines of war, and with the city he had taken a great spoil of gold and silver.
Who acts: Charles · What happens: take, have, break down, spoil · To what, where: fair city, broken walls, great spoil, gold
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 taken | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 taken | aux |
| 3 | newly | newly | ADV | _ | 4 taken | advmod |
| 4 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 city | det |
| 6 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 city | amod |
| 7 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 taken | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Cordova | case |
| 9 | Cordova | Cordova | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 city | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 having | punct |
| 11 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 taken | parataxis |
| 12 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 walls | amod |
| 13 | down | down | ADP | _ | 12 broken | compound:prt |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 walls | det |
| 15 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 having | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 towers | cc |
| 17 | towers | tower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 walls | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 engines | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 engines | nmod:poss |
| 20 | engines | engine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 having | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 war | case |
| 22 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 engines | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 taken | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 taken | cc |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 city | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 city | det |
| 27 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 taken | obl |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 taken | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 taken | aux |
| 30 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 taken | conj |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 spoil | det |
| 32 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 spoil | amod |
| 33 | spoil | spoil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 taken | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 gold | case |
| 35 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 spoil | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 silver | cc |
| 37 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 spoil | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past · perfect | Charles | the fair city of Cordova | newly property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme | |||
| 2 | have | gerund | the broken walls and towers | with Charles's engines of war | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient | ||||
| 3 | break down | participle | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | take | past · perfect | Charles | a great spoil of gold and silver | with the city | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spoil=Theme | |||
| 5 | spoil | gold | nom spoil «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/27/28/