Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas, sentence 55
Have we not been in this land of Spain for now seven years, and has not this King Marsilas always borne himself as a traitor?
Who acts: this · What happens: have, not be, not bear · To what, where: we, land, King
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ganelon Went on an Errand to King Marsilas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 Have | obj |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 land | advmod |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 land | cop |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 land | case |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 land | det |
| 7 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 we | appos |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Spain | case |
| 9 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 land | nmod |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 years | case |
| 11 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 seven | advmod |
| 12 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 years | nummod |
| 13 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 land | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 has | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 has | cc |
| 16 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Have | conj |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 borne | advmod |
| 18 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 borne | nsubj |
| 19 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 borne | nsubj |
| 20 | Marsilas | Marsilas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 King | flat |
| 21 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 22 borne | advmod |
| 22 | borne | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 has | advcl |
| 23 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 22 borne | obj |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 traitor | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 traitor | det |
| 26 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 borne | obl |
| 27 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | we | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient | |||||
| 2 | not is | participle | this land | year | of Spain | tree rules | |||
| 3 | have | present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | not bear | past | this | King | as a traitor; always property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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