Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Treason of Ganelon, sentence 41
Then he began to speak, nor could any one have spoken better. "
Who acts: King · What happens: begin, speak · To what, where: one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Treason of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 began | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 speak | mark |
| 5 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 spoken | punct |
| 7 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 12 spoken | cc |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 spoken | aux |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 one | det |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 spoken | aux |
| 12 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 began | conj |
| 13 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 12 spoken | advmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | King | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | to-infinitive | King not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | could · perfect · passive | any one | well property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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