Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Treason of Ganelon, sentence 63
So when he had broken the seal of the letter, he read it from end to end; and having read it, the tears came into his eyes with rage, and he pulled his beard, and cried with a loud voice, "Listen, my lords, to this foolishness.
Who acts: King, tears · What happens: break, read, come, pull, cry, listen · To what, where: seal, end, eyes, beard, lords · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Treason of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 broken | advmod |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 broken | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 broken | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 broken | aux |
| 5 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 seal | det |
| 7 | seal | seal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 broken | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 letter | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 letter | det |
| 10 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 seal | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 read | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 read | nsubj |
| 13 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 broken | parataxis |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 read | obj |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 end | case |
| 16 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 read | obl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 end | case |
| 18 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 read | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 read | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 read | cc |
| 21 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 read | aux |
| 22 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 broken | parataxis |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 read | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 came | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 tears | det |
| 26 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 came | nsubj |
| 27 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 read | conj |
| 28 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 eyes | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 30 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 came | obl |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 rage | case |
| 32 | rage | rage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eyes | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 pulled | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 pulled | cc |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 pulled | nsubj |
| 36 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 came | conj |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 beard | nmod:poss |
| 38 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 pulled | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 cried | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 cried | cc |
| 41 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 came | parataxis |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 voice | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 voice | det |
| 44 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 voice | amod |
| 45 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 cried | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Listen | punct |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 Listen | punct |
| 48 | Listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 cried | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 lords | punct |
| 50 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 lords | nmod:poss |
| 51 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 Listen | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 foolishness | punct |
| 53 | to | to | ADP | _ | 55 foolishness | case |
| 54 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 55 foolishness | det |
| 55 | foolishness | foolishness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 Listen | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 broken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | past · perfect | King | the seal of the letter | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer seal=Patient | ||||
| 2 | read | past | King | seal | end | to end | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to end=Recipient | ||
| 3 | read | gerund | seal | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | |||||
| 4 | come | past | the tears | King's eyes with rage | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into eye=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | pull | past | King | King's beard | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cry speech: express | past | with a loud voice | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with voice=Theme | |||||
| 7 | listen in a quote | infinitive | my lords | to this foolishness | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to foolishness=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/28/63/