Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Plot Against Roland, sentence 14
He thought that he stood in the pass of Cizra, holding in his hand an ashen spear, and that Ganelon laid hold of it and shook it in such a fashion that it was broken into a thousand pieces, and the fragments flew up to the sky.
Who acts: King, Ganelon, fragments · What happens: think, stand, hold, lay, shake, break · To what, where: pass, ashen spear, hand, hold, spear, fashion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Plot Against Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Ganelon, fragments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 stood | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 stood | nsubj |
| 5 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 thought | ccomp |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 pass | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 pass | det |
| 8 | pass | pass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stood | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Cizra | case |
| 10 | Cizra | Cizra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 pass | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 holding | punct |
| 12 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 stood | advcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 hand | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 hand | nmod:poss |
| 15 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 holding | obl |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 spear | det |
| 17 | ashen | ashen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 spear | amod |
| 18 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 holding | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 laid | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 laid | cc |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 laid | mark |
| 22 | Ganelon | Ganelon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 laid | nsubj |
| 23 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 thought | conj |
| 24 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 laid | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 it | case |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 hold | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 shook | cc |
| 28 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 thought | conj |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 shook | obj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 fashion | case |
| 31 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 33 fashion | det:predet |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 fashion | det |
| 33 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shook | obl |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 broken | mark |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 broken | aux:pass |
| 37 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 shook | advcl |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 41 pieces | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 thousand | det |
| 40 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 41 pieces | nummod |
| 41 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 broken | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 flew | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 flew | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 fragments | det |
| 45 | fragments | fragment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 flew | nsubj |
| 46 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 thought | parataxis |
| 47 | up | up | ADP | _ | 46 flew | compound:prt |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 sky | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 sky | det |
| 50 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 flew | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | King | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | stand | past | King | the pass of Cizra | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in pass=Location | ||||
| 3 | hold | gerund | King not said here | a ashen spear | King's hand | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent spear=Theme in hand=Location | |||
| 4 | lay | past | Ganelon | hold of hold | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Result | ||||
| 5 | shake | past | King not said here | spear | such fashion | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme in fashion=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | break | past · passive | spear | into thousand pieces result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into piece=Result | ||||
| 7 | fly up | past | the fragments | to the sky result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sky=Result | ||||
| 8 | pass | Cizra | nom pass «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | hold | hold | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/29/14/