Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 69
These gates, indeed, the Frenchmen kept with great courage; but they were few in number, and the day went sorely against them.
Who acts: gates, Frenchmen, day · What happens: keep, be, go · To what, where: number
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gates, Frenchmen, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 gates | det |
| 2 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 kept | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 gates | punct |
| 4 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 8 kept | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 indeed | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Frenchmen | det |
| 7 | Frenchmen | Frenchman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 kept | nsubj |
| 8 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 courage | case |
| 10 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 courage | amod |
| 11 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 kept | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 few | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 few | cc |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 few | nsubj |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 few | cop |
| 16 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 kept | conj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 number | case |
| 18 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 few | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 went | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 went | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 day | det |
| 22 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 went | nsubj |
| 23 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 kept | conj |
| 24 | sorely | sorely | ADV | _ | 23 went | advmod |
| 25 | against | against | ADP | _ | 26 them | case |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 went | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 kept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | past | this gates | with great courage; the Frenchmen nsubj; indeed property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | past | Frenchmen = frenchman | number | few property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | go | past | the day | against Frenchmen = frenchman; sorely property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme against they=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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