Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Slaying of Lothair, sentence 97
When the messenger saw the King he saluted him in a low voice, and told him all that had befallen.
Who acts: messenger, King, that · What happens: see, salute, tell, befall · To what, where: King, lord, low voice · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Slaying of Lothair. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, King, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 messenger | det |
| 3 | messenger | messenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saluted | advcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 King | det |
| 6 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obj |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 saluted | nsubj |
| 8 | saluted | salute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 saluted | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 voice | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 voice | det |
| 12 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 voice | amod |
| 13 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saluted | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 told | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 told | cc |
| 16 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saluted | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 told | iobj |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 befallen | det:predet |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 befallen | nsubj |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 befallen | aux |
| 21 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 told | ccomp |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 saluted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the messenger | the King | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer king=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | salute | past | King | lord | a low voice | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | |||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | King not said here | King | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | befall | past · perfect | that | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/3/97/