Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 13
Then Oliver turned to Roland, and said, "Sound your horn, my friend, Charles will hear it, and will return." "
Who acts: Oliver, Charles · What happens: turn, say, sound, hear, return · To what, where: Roland, horn, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 turned | advmod |
| 2 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | nsubj |
| 3 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 Roland | case |
| 5 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Sound | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Sound | punct |
| 11 | Sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | ccomp |
| 12 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 horn | nmod:poss |
| 13 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Sound | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 friend | punct |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 friend | nmod:poss |
| 16 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 horn | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hear | punct |
| 18 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 hear | nsubj |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 hear | aux |
| 20 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 Sound | conj |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 hear | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 return | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 return | cc |
| 24 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 return | aux |
| 25 | return | return | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | parataxis |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 return | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 return | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | Oliver | Roland | then | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Oliver not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | sound in a quote | infinitive | your horn and my friend | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme | |||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | future | Charles | friend | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | return in a quote | future | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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