Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 18
After a while, Oliver said again, "Friend Roland, sound your horn of ivory.
Who acts: Oliver · What happens: say, friend, sound · To what, where: Roland, horn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 while | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 while | det |
| 3 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 while | punct |
| 5 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | again | again | ADV | _ | 6 said | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Friend | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Friend | punct |
| 10 | Friend | friend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 said | ccomp |
| 11 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Friend | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sound | punct |
| 13 | sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 Friend | conj |
| 14 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 horn | nmod:poss |
| 15 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sound | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 ivory | case |
| 17 | ivory | ivory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 horn | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Oliver | again; while | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | friend in a quote | infinitive | Roland | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | sound in a quote | infinitive | your horn of ivory | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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