Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 22
These evil-minded heathen are gathered together against us to their own hurt.
Who acts: kinsmen · What happens: gather, hurt · To what, where: minded heathen
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kinsmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 heathen | det |
| 2 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 minded | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 evil | punct |
| 4 | minded | minded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 heathen | amod |
| 5 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gathered | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 gathered | aux:pass |
| 7 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | together | together | ADV | _ | 7 gathered | advmod |
| 9 | against | against | ADP | _ | 10 us | case |
| 10 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 gathered | obl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 hurt | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 hurt | nmod:poss |
| 13 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 hurt | amod |
| 14 | hurt | hurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gathered | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gather | present · passive | this minded heathen | against us; to kinsmen's own hurt; together property | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to hurt=Co-Patient | ||||
| 2 | hurt | kinsmen = kinsman | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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