Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 25
I saw the valleys and the mountains covered with the great multitude of Saracens.
Who acts: I · What happens: see, cover · To what, where: valleys
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 valleys | det |
| 4 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 saw | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 mountains | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mountains | det |
| 7 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 valleys | conj |
| 8 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 valleys | acl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 multitude | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 multitude | det |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 multitude | amod |
| 12 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 covered | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Saracens | case |
| 14 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 multitude | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | I | the valleys and the mountains | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer valley=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cover | participle | the valleys and the mountains not said here | with the great multitude of Saracens | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with multitude=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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