Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 36
Then he turned to the men of France, and spake: "Lords of France, King Charles has left us here; our King he is, and it is our duty to die for him.
Who acts: Turpin, spake, King · What happens: turn, leave, be, die · To what, where: us, duty · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turpin, spake, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 turned | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 turned | nsubj |
| 3 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 men | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 men | det |
| 6 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 turned | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 France | case |
| 8 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 men | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 spake | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 spake | cc |
| 11 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 left | nsubj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 Lords | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Lords | punct |
| 14 | Lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spake | appos |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 France | case |
| 16 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Lords | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Charles | punct |
| 18 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 19 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 France | conj |
| 20 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 left | aux |
| 21 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 turned | ccomp |
| 22 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 left | iobj |
| 23 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 left | advmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 is | punct |
| 25 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 King | nmod:poss |
| 26 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 is | nsubj |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 King | flat |
| 28 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 duty | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 duty | cc |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 duty | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 duty | cop |
| 33 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 duty | nmod:poss |
| 34 | duty | duty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | parataxis |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 die | mark |
| 36 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 duty | acl |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 him | case |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 die | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | Turpin | then | to the men of France | tree rules | |||
| 2 | leave in a quote | present · perfect | spake | us | here | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme | |||
| 3 | be in a quote | present | our King | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | spake = speak | our duty | our nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 5 | die in a quote | to-infinitive | Turpin not said here | for Turpin | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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