Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 47
Said Roland to Oliver, "Brother, you know that it is Ganelon who has betrayed us.
Who acts: Roland, Oliver · What happens: say, know, be · To what, where: Oliver, armour · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, Oliver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 Oliver | case |
| 4 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Brother | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Brother | punct |
| 7 | Brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Oliver | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 know | punct |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 know | nsubj |
| 10 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Said | ccomp |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 betrayed | mark |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 betrayed | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 betrayed | cop |
| 14 | Ganelon | Ganelon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 betrayed | nsubj |
| 15 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 betrayed | nsubj |
| 16 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 betrayed | aux |
| 17 | betrayed | betray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 know | ccomp |
| 18 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 betrayed | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Roland | Oliver | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to oliver=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | know in a quote | present | Oliver | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present · perfect · passive | armour | Ganelon nsubj; who nsubj; us obj; betray property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/47/