Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 52
Behind him followed Oliver, his friend; and the men of France pointed to him, saying, "See our champion!"
Who acts: Roland, men · What happens: follow, point, say, see · To what, where: Oliver, Roland, champion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Behind | behind | ADP | _ | 3 followed | mark |
| 2 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 followed | nsubj |
| 3 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 followed | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 friend | punct |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 friend | nmod:poss |
| 7 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Oliver | appos |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 pointed | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 pointed | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 men | det |
| 11 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 pointed | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 France | case |
| 13 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 men | nmod |
| 14 | pointed | point | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 followed | conj |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 him | case |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 pointed | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 saying | punct |
| 18 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 pointed | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 See | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 See | punct |
| 21 | See | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 saying | ccomp |
| 22 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 champion | nmod:poss |
| 23 | champion | champion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 See | obj |
| 24 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 21 See | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 See | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | past | Roland | Oliver | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oliver=Theme | ||||
| 2 | point | past | the men of France | Roland | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | say speech: express | gerund | the men of France not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | see in a quote | infinitive | our champion | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer champion=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/30/52/