Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 54
Full courteously he spake to them: "Ride not so fast, my lords," he said; "verily these heathen are come hither, seeking martyrdom. '
Who acts: Roland · What happens: speak, not ride, say, come, seek · To what, where: men, lords, heathen, martyrdom · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Full | full | ADV | _ | 4 spake | advmod |
| 2 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 4 spake | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 spake | nsubj |
| 4 | spake | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 them | case |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 spake | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Ride | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Ride | punct |
| 9 | Ride | ride | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 spake | parataxis |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 Ride | advmod |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 fast | advmod |
| 12 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 Ride | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 lords | punct |
| 14 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 lords | nmod:poss |
| 15 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Ride | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 said | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 said | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 said | nsubj |
| 19 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Ride | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 come | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 come | punct |
| 22 | verily | verily | ADV | _ | 26 come | advmod |
| 23 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 heathen | det |
| 24 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 come | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 come | aux:pass |
| 26 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 Ride | parataxis |
| 27 | hither | hither | ADV | _ | 26 come | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 seeking | punct |
| 29 | seeking | seek | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 come | advcl |
| 30 | martyrdom | martyrdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 seeking | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 spake | punct |
| 32 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 spake | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | infinitive | Roland | men = man | courteously, full property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | not ride in a quote | infinitive | my lords | fast property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Roland | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | come in a quote | present · passive | this heathen | hither, verily property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | seek in a quote | gerund | martyrdom | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent martyrdom=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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