Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle, sentence 8
He descended to the plain with all speed, and came to the array of the French, and said, "I have seen more heathen than man ever yet saw together upon the earth.
Who acts: Oliver, I · What happens: descend, come, say, see · To what, where: plain, array, heathen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Heathen and the French Prepared For Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 descended | nsubj |
| 2 | descended | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 plain | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 plain | det |
| 5 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 descended | obl |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 speed | case |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 speed | det |
| 8 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 descended | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 came | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 came | cc |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 descended | parataxis |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 array | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 array | det |
| 14 | array | array | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 French | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 French | det |
| 17 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 array | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 said | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 said | cc |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 came | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 seen | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 seen | punct |
| 23 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 seen | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 seen | aux |
| 25 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 said | ccomp |
| 26 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 27 heathen | advmod |
| 27 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seen | obj |
| 28 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 man | case |
| 29 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seen | obl |
| 30 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 31 yet | advmod |
| 31 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 32 saw | advmod |
| 32 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 seen | advcl |
| 33 | together | together | ADV | _ | 32 saw | advmod |
| 34 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 36 earth | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 earth | det |
| 36 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 saw | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 descended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend | past | Oliver | the plain | with all speed | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to plain=Location | |||
| 2 | come | past | the array of the French | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to array=Initial_Location | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | see in a quote | present · perfect | I | heathen | than man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer heathen=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | see in a quote | past | I not said here | yet; ever | upon the earth; together property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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