Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 11
A mighty stroke it was, and Roland cried aloud as he dealt it, "Learn now, thou wretch, that King Charles knows well what he does.
Who acts: mighty stroke, Roland, thou, Charles · What happens: cry, deal, learn, wretch, know, do · To what, where: stroke · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mighty stroke, Roland, thou, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 stroke | det |
| 2 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 stroke | amod |
| 3 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cried | nsubj |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 was | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 stroke | acl:relcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 cried | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 cried | cc |
| 8 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 cried | nsubj |
| 9 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 9 cried | advmod |
| 11 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 dealt | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 dealt | nsubj |
| 13 | dealt | deal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cried | advcl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 dealt | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Learn | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 Learn | punct |
| 17 | Learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 cried | conj |
| 18 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 Learn | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 wretch | punct |
| 20 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 21 wretch | nsubj |
| 21 | wretch | wretch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Learn | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 knows | punct |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 knows | mark |
| 24 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 25 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 knows | nsubj |
| 26 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 cried | conj |
| 27 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 knows | advmod |
| 28 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 does | obj |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 does | nsubj |
| 30 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 knows | ccomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | a mighty stroke | Roland nsubj; aloud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | deal | past | Roland | stroke | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | learn in a quote | infinitive | a mighty stroke not said here | now | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | wretch in a quote | thou | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | know in a quote | present | Charles King | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | do in a quote | present | Roland | what obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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