Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 110
Said Roland to Oliver, "Comrade, see Engelier the Gascon is slain; we had no braver knight in the host." "
Who acts: Roland, we · What happens: say, see, slay, have · To what, where: Oliver, Engelier, Gascon, braver knight, host · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 Oliver | case |
| 4 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Comrade | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Comrade | punct |
| 7 | Comrade | comrade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Oliver | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 see | punct |
| 9 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Said | conj |
| 10 | Engelier | Engelier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 see | obj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Gascon | det |
| 12 | Gascon | gascon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 slain | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 slain | aux:pass |
| 14 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 see | ccomp |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 had | punct |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 had | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Said | ccomp |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 knight | det |
| 19 | braver | brave | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 knight | amod |
| 20 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 had | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 host | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 host | det |
| 23 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 had | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 had | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 had | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Roland | Oliver | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to oliver=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | see in a quote | infinitive | Roland not said here | Engelier | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | slay in a quote | present · passive | the Gascon | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 4 | have in a quote | past | we | no braver knight | the host | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knight=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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