Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Battle, sentence 78
Oliver, my comrade," said Roland, when he heard it, "this traitor Ganelon has sworn our death.
Who acts: Oliver, Roland, our · What happens: say, hear, swear, die · To what, where: din, traitor · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Battle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, Roland, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 comrade | punct |
| 3 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 comrade | nmod:poss |
| 4 | comrade | comrade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Oliver | appos |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 comrade | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 comrade | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 heard | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | parataxis |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 sworn | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 sworn | punct |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 traitor | det |
| 17 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sworn | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | Ganelon | Ganelon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 traitor | appos |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 sworn | aux |
| 20 | sworn | swear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 heard | conj |
| 21 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 death | nmod:poss |
| 22 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sworn | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Oliver | Roland nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | hear in a quote | past | Roland | din | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | swear | present · perfect · passive | this traitor | our death obj | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme death=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | die | our | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/31/78/