Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Roland Sounded His Horn, sentence 12
The battle is too hard for us," said Roland again, "and I shall sound my horn, that the King may hear."
Who acts: battle, Roland, I, King · What happens: be, say, sound, hear · To what, where: horn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Roland Sounded His Horn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battle, Roland, I, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 battle | det |
| 2 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hard | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hard | cop |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 hard | advmod |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 us | case |
| 7 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 hard | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 hard | parataxis |
| 11 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 12 | again | again | ADV | _ | 10 said | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 again | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 sound | cc |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 sound | nsubj |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 sound | aux |
| 18 | sound | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 hard | conj |
| 19 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 horn | nmod:poss |
| 20 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sound | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 hear | punct |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 hear | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 King | det |
| 24 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 hear | nsubj |
| 25 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 hear | aux |
| 26 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 sound | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the battle | for us; hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Roland | again | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | sound | shall | I | my horn | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hear | may | the King | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/32/12/