Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 2
Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them! "
Who acts: many noble sons · What happens: see, lie
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many noble sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alas | alas | INTJ | _ | 10 saw | discourse |
| 2 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 1 Alas | punct |
| 3 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 many | advmod |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sons | amod |
| 5 | noble | noble | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sons | amod |
| 6 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 France | case |
| 8 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 sons | nmod |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 saw | xcomp |
| 12 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 lying | xcomp |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 14 them | case |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 lying | obl |
| 15 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 10 saw | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | many noble sons of France | Roland nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | lie | gerund | many noble sons of France not said here | upon sons = son; dead property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon they=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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