Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 22
And King Marsilas, throwing down his shield upon the ground, fled from out the battle, and thousands fled with him, crying aloud, "Verily, the nephew of King Charles has won the day."
Who acts: King, thousands, nephew · What happens: throw down, flee, cry, win · To what, where: shield, ground, battle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, thousands, nephew), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 throwing | cc |
| 2 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 throwing | nsubj |
| 3 | Marsilas | Marsilas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 King | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 throwing | punct |
| 5 | throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 fled | advcl |
| 6 | down | down | ADP | _ | 5 throwing | compound:prt |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 shield | nmod:poss |
| 8 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 throwing | obj |
| 9 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 ground | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 ground | det |
| 11 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 throwing | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 fled | punct |
| 13 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 battle | case |
| 15 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 battle | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 battle | det |
| 17 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 fled | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 fled | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 fled | cc |
| 20 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 fled | nsubj |
| 21 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 fled | conj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 fled | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 crying | punct |
| 25 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 fled | advcl |
| 26 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 25 crying | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 won | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 won | punct |
| 29 | Verily | verily | ADV | _ | 37 won | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Verily | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 nephew | det |
| 32 | nephew | nephew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 won | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Charles | case |
| 34 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 35 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 nephew | nmod |
| 36 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 won | aux |
| 37 | won | win | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 fled | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 day | det |
| 39 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 won | obl:unmarked |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 fled | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 fled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw down | gerund | King | King's shield | the ground | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent shield=Theme upon ground=Destination | |||
| 2 | flee | past | the battle | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from battle=Initial_Location | |||||
| 3 | flee | past | thousands | with King | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | cry speech: express | gerund | thousands not said here | aloud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | win in a quote | present · perfect | the nephew of Charles King | day | verily property | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/22/