Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver Was Slain, sentence 5
How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.
Who acts: I · What happens: be, widow, give · To what, where: fair land, help, you
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver Was Slain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 land | advmod |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 land | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 land | det |
| 4 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 land | amod |
| 5 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 widowed | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 France | case |
| 7 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 widowed | obl |
| 8 | widowed | widow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 bravest | case |
| 10 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 bravest | nmod:poss |
| 11 | bravest | brave | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 widowed | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 give | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 give | cc |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 give | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 give | aux |
| 16 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 widowed | conj |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 give | iobj |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 help | det |
| 19 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 give | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 widowed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the fair land | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | widow | past | of France; of France's bravest | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | give | can | I | no help | you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient help=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/33/5/