Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 1
When Roland came to himself he looked about him and saw how great was the calamity that had befallen his army.
Who acts: Roland, great calamity · What happens: come, look, see, be, befall · To what, where: Roland, great calamity, army
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, great calamity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 looked | advcl |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 himself | case |
| 5 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 came | obl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 looked | nsubj |
| 7 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | about | about | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 looked | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 saw | cc |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 looked | conj |
| 12 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 great | advmod |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 calamity | amod |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 calamity | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 calamity | det |
| 16 | calamity | calamity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 saw | obj |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 befallen | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 befallen | aux |
| 19 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 calamity | acl:relcl |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 army | nmod:poss |
| 21 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 befallen | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Roland | Roland | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to himself=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | look | past | Roland | about him = he | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent about he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | past | Roland not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | the great calamity | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | befall | past · perfect | the great calamity | Roland's army | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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