Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 32
I know by the sound of his horn that he has but a short time to live.
Who acts: I, Roland · What happens: know, have, live · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Roland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 know | nsubj |
| 2 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 sound | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sound | det |
| 5 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 know | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 horn | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 horn | nmod:poss |
| 8 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sound | nmod |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 has | mark |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 has | nsubj |
| 11 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 know | ccomp |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 time | cc |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 time | det |
| 14 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 time | amod |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 has | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 live | mark |
| 17 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 time | acl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | I | by the sound of Roland's horn | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | have | present | Roland | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | live | to-infinitive | Roland not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/34/32/