Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 48
When the heathen saw these two stand together they fell back in fear and hurled at them spears and darts and javelins without number.
Who acts: heathen, these, things · What happens: see, stand together, fall back, hurl · To what, where: hurled spears, fear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heathen, these, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 heathen | det |
| 3 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 stand | nsubj |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 stand | nsubj |
| 7 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 8 | together | together | ADV | _ | 7 stand | advmod |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 fell | nsubj |
| 10 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 stand | ccomp |
| 11 | back | back | ADV | _ | 10 fell | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 fear | case |
| 13 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fell | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 hurled | cc |
| 15 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 spears | amod |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 them | case |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 hurled | obl |
| 18 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 fell | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 darts | cc |
| 20 | darts | dart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 spears | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 javelins | cc |
| 22 | javelins | javelin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 spears | conj |
| 23 | without | without | ADP | _ | 24 number | case |
| 24 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fell | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the heathen | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | stand together | present | these | two nsubj; together property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | fall back | past | things = thing | hurled spears and darts and javelins | fear | without number | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in fear=Location | ||
| 4 | hurl | participle | at things = thing | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at they=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/34/48/