Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Archbishop Turpin Died, sentence 75
This done, Roland said with many tears, "Oliver, my brave comrade, never was there a better knight than you to break a lance, and shatter a shield, to give good counsel to the brave, and to put to shame traitors and cowards."
Who acts: Roland, better knight, you · What happens: do, say, not be, break, shatter, give · To what, where: This, lance, shield, good counsel, brave, traitors · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Archbishop Turpin Died. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, better knight, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 done | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 done | punct |
| 4 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 tears | case |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 tears | amod |
| 8 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 said | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 comrade | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 comrade | punct |
| 11 | Oliver | oliver | INTJ | _ | 15 comrade | discourse |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Oliver | punct |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 comrade | nmod:poss |
| 14 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 comrade | amod |
| 15 | comrade | comrade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 there | punct |
| 17 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 19 there | advmod |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 there | cop |
| 19 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 comrade | advmod |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 knight | det |
| 21 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 knight | amod |
| 22 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 there | nsubj |
| 23 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 26 break | mark |
| 24 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 break | nsubj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 break | mark |
| 26 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 comrade | acl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 lance | det |
| 28 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 break | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 shatter | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 shatter | cc |
| 31 | shatter | shatter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 break | conj |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 shield | det |
| 33 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 shatter | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 give | punct |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 give | mark |
| 36 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 shatter | conj |
| 37 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 counsel | amod |
| 38 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 give | obj |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 brave | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 brave | det |
| 41 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 give | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 put | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 put | cc |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 put | mark |
| 45 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 give | conj |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 shame | mark |
| 47 | shame | shame | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 put | xcomp |
| 48 | traitors | traitor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 shame | obj |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 cowards | cc |
| 50 | cowards | coward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 traitors | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 comrade | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 comrade | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | participle · passive | This | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Roland | with many tears; my brave comrade ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | not is in a quote | past | a better knight | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | break in a quote | to-infinitive | you | a lance | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lance=Patient | ||||
| 5 | shatter in a quote | infinitive | you not said here | a shield | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Patient | ||||
| 6 | give in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | good counsel | the brave | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme to brave=Recipient | |||
| 7 | put in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | shame in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | traitors and cowards | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus traitor=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/34/75/