Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 159
But when King Canaben, who was uncle to the Prince, saw what had befallen his nephew, he rode at the Duke, and, drawing his sword, dealt him a great blow on the helmet.
Who acts: King · What happens: be, see, befall, ride, draw, deal · To what, where: uncle, nephew, sword, great blow, King
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 saw | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 King | advmod |
| 3 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | Canaben | Canaben | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 King | flat |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 uncle | punct |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 uncle | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 uncle | cop |
| 8 | uncle | uncle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 King | acl:relcl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 Prince | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Prince | det |
| 11 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 uncle | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 King | punct |
| 13 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 16 befallen | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 befallen | aux |
| 16 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 saw | xcomp |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 nephew | nmod:poss |
| 18 | nephew | nephew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 befallen | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 rode | punct |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 rode | nsubj |
| 21 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 saw | conj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 Duke | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Duke | det |
| 24 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 rode | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 dealt | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 dealt | cc |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 and | punct |
| 28 | drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 dealt | advcl |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 sword | nmod:poss |
| 30 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 drawing | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 drawing | punct |
| 32 | dealt | deal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 saw | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 dealt | obj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 blow | det |
| 35 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 blow | amod |
| 36 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 dealt | obj |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 helmet | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 helmet | det |
| 39 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 blow | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | King | uncle | to the Prince | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | past | King | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | befall | past · perfect · passive | King's nephew | what nsubj:pass | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | ride | past | King | at the Duke | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | draw | gerund | King's sword | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | |||||
| 6 | deal | past | King not said here | a great blow | King | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient blow=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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