Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 179
But when Ogier the Dane saw what had befallen the King's army he said to him, "See you how the heathen are breaking our ranks and slaying our men.
Who acts: Ogier, heathen · What happens: see, befall, say, break, slay · To what, where: army, King, ranks, men · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogier, heathen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 saw | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 saw | advmod |
| 3 | Ogier | Ogier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Dane | det |
| 5 | Dane | Dane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Ogier | appos |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 said | advcl |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 befallen | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 befallen | aux |
| 9 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 saw | ccomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 King | det |
| 11 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 army | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 King | case |
| 13 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 befallen | obj |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 See | punct |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 See | punct |
| 20 | See | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 said | conj |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 See | obj |
| 22 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 breaking | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 heathen | det |
| 24 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 breaking | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 breaking | aux |
| 26 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 See | advcl |
| 27 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 ranks | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ranks | rank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 breaking | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 slaying | cc |
| 30 | slaying | slay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 breaking | conj |
| 31 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 men | nmod:poss |
| 32 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 slaying | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Ogier | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | befall | past · perfect · passive | the King's army | what nsubj:pass | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Ogier | King | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | see in a quote | infinitive | Ogier not said here | King | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | break in a quote | present · progressive | the heathen | our ranks | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rank=Patient | ||||
| 6 | slay in a quote | gerund | the heathen not said here | our men | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/36/179/