Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 192
First the Emir spoke, saying, "King Charles, you have slain my son; you have wrongfully invaded my land.
Who acts: Emir, you · What happens: speak, say, slay, invade · To what, where: Charles, son, land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emir, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | First | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 spoke | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Emir | det |
| 3 | Emir | Emir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 spoke | nsubj |
| 4 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 saying | punct |
| 6 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 spoke | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Charles | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Charles | punct |
| 9 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 10 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 saying | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 slain | punct |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 slain | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 slain | aux |
| 14 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 Charles | acl |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 son | nmod:poss |
| 16 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 slain | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 invaded | punct |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 invaded | nsubj |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 invaded | aux |
| 20 | wrongfully | wrongfully | ADV | _ | 21 invaded | advmod |
| 21 | invaded | invade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 spoke | conj |
| 22 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 land | nmod:poss |
| 23 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 invaded | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | the Emir | first property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | the Emir not said here | Charles King | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent charles=Topic | ||||
| 3 | slay in a quote | present · perfect | you | my son | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 4 | invade in a quote | present · perfect | you | my land | wrongfully property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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