Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 20
Many fell by the sword, and they who escaped the sword threw themselves into the river, the river Ebro, and thus perished by drowning.
Who acts: Many, Saracens, sword · What happens: fall, escape, throw, perish, drown · To what, where: Saracens, river
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many, Saracens, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 fell | nsubj |
| 2 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 sword | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sword | det |
| 5 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fell | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 escaped | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 escaped | cc |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 escaped | nsubj |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 escaped | nsubj |
| 10 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fell | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sword | det |
| 12 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 threw | nsubj |
| 13 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 escaped | conj |
| 14 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 13 threw | obj |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 river | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 river | det |
| 17 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 threw | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Ebro | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Ebro | det |
| 20 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Ebro | compound |
| 21 | Ebro | Ebro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 river | appos |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 perished | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 perished | cc |
| 24 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 25 perished | advmod |
| 25 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 fell | parataxis |
| 26 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 27 drowning | mark |
| 27 | drowning | drown | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 perished | advcl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | Many | by the sword | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by sword=Location | ||||
| 2 | escape | past | Saracens = saracen | who nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | past | the sword | Saracens = saracen | into the river result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer themselves=Theme into river=Result | |||
| 4 | perish | participle | thus property | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | drown | gerund | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/36/20/