Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 32
In the first dream he saw how there gathered a great tempest in the heavens, with thunders and lightnings and hail and wind, and how this fell upon his army, and how the lances caught fire, and how the shields glowed with heat, and the corslets rattled with the stroke of the hail.
Who acts: King, this, lances, shields · What happens: see, gather, fall, catch, glow, rattle · To what, where: first dream, great tempest, army, fire, corslets, hail
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, this, lances, shields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 dream | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 dream | det |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 dream | amod |
| 4 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gathered | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dream | acl:relcl |
| 7 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 there | advmod |
| 8 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 saw | advmod |
| 9 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 tempest | det |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 tempest | amod |
| 12 | tempest | tempest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gathered | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 heavens | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 heavens | det |
| 15 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 gathered | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 thunders | punct |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 thunders | case |
| 18 | thunders | thunder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 heavens | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 lightnings | cc |
| 20 | lightnings | lightning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 thunders | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 hail | cc |
| 22 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 thunders | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 wind | cc |
| 24 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hail | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 fell | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 fell | cc |
| 27 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 fell | advmod |
| 28 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 fell | nsubj |
| 29 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 gathered | conj |
| 30 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 32 army | case |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 army | nmod:poss |
| 32 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 fell | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 caught | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 caught | cc |
| 35 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 caught | advmod |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 lances | det |
| 37 | lances | lance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 caught | nsubj |
| 38 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 fell | parataxis |
| 39 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 caught | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 glowed | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 glowed | cc |
| 42 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 45 glowed | advmod |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 shields | det |
| 44 | shields | shield | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 glowed | nsubj |
| 45 | glowed | glow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 caught | conj |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 heat | case |
| 47 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 glowed | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 corslets | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 corslets | cc |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 corslets | det |
| 51 | corslets | corslet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 glowed | obl |
| 52 | rattled | rattle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 51 corslets | acl |
| 53 | with | with | ADP | _ | 55 stroke | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 stroke | det |
| 55 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 rattled | obl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 hail | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 hail | det |
| 58 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 stroke | nmod |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | King | the first dream not said here | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dream=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | gather | past | a great tempest | the first dream | in the heavens and thunders and lightnings and hail and wind | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tempest=Theme | |||
| 3 | fall | past | this | King's army | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon army=Location | ||||
| 4 | catch | past | the lances | fire | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme | ||||
| 5 | glow | participle | the shields | the corslets | with heat | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with heat=Theme | |||
| 6 | rattle | participle | the corslets not said here | with the stroke of the hail | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with stroke=Theme | ||||
| 7 | stroke | the hail | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/36/32/